GLP-1 category primer

The GLP-1 receptor agonist class has transformed the metabolic research landscape over the past decade. Understanding how the major compounds differ — at a pharmacological level — makes the research literature much easier to navigate.

Semaglutide is a selective GLP-1 receptor agonist with an extended half-life via albumin-binding modifications. It remains the most thoroughly studied compound in the class, with hundreds of peer-reviewed papers across metabolic research.

Tirzepatide is a dual agonist — GIP and GLP-1. The dual mechanism is associated with more pronounced research-model effects on energy balance and adipose signaling.

Retatrutide extends further with a triple-agonist mechanism (glucagon + GIP + GLP-1). It is the newest of the class with a growing, still-accumulating body of research literature.

Tesofensine operates by a distinct mechanism (monoamine reuptake inhibition) and is not a GLP-1 agonist — it is grouped in the metabolic category for research convenience but belongs to its own class.

All are available in the Vivaprime catalog in prefilled-pen format, with batch-level COAs.